PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice is a grammatical construction (grammatical form) where the subject in the sentence (sentence) or clause (clause) does not take action, but rather accept the action or follow-up (receiver of action) by the other agent (DOER of action) either mentioned or not.Passive voice is a grammatical construction (grammatical form) where the subject in the sentence (sentence) or clause (clause) does not take action, but rather accept the action or follow-up (receiver of action) by the other agent (DOER of action) either mentioned or not. Some ways to make passive sentences:
Sentences must have an object.
Laying the object becomes the subject of an active sentence passive voice.
Laying the subject of an active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence.
Laid by before the object.
Using the verb (verb) The third form (V-3) as to be (is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being)
Only the verbal phrase that can be used in the passive voice.
Following her tense.
Function or description the same time in the passive voice to active voice
1. SIMPLE PRESENT
Rumus :
Positif : Subjek + is/am/are + past participle/V3
Negatif : Subjek + is/am/are + Not + Past Participle
Question : is/am/are + Subjek + Past Participle
Example :
Aktif Pasif
They borrow the book. The book is borrowed by them.
They don't borrow the book. The book is not borrowed by them.
Do they borrow the book? Is the book borrowed by them?
2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Rumus :
( + ) S + Was/Were + V-3 + By + O
( - ) S + Was/Were + Not + V-3 + By + O
( ? ) Was/Were + S + V-3 + By + O ?
Example :
Aktif Pasif
John bit Mary Mary was bitten by John
John didn’t bite Mary Mary wasn’t bitten by John
Did John bite Mary? Was Mary bitten by John?
3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Rumus :
( + ) S + To Be ( is, am, are ) + Being + V-3 + By + O
( - ) S + To Be ( is, am, are ) + Not + Being + V-3 + By + O
( ? ) To Be ( is, am, are ) + S + Being + V-3 + By + O ?
Example :
Aktif Pasif
She is reading the English book. The book is being read by her.
She is not reading the English book. The book is being read by her.
4. PAST PROGETIVE/CONTINUOS
Rumus :
(+) S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present participle
(-) S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present participle
(?)be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present participle?
Example :
Aktif Pasif
John was biting Mary Mary was being bitten by John
John wasn’t biting Mary Mary wasn’t being bitten by John
Was John biting Mary? Was Mary being bitten by John?
5. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Rumus :
( + ) S + Have/Has + Been + V-3 + By + O
( - ) S + Have/Has + Not + Been + V-3 + By + O
( ? ) Have/Has + S + Been + V-3 + By + O ?
Example :
Aktif Pasif
John has bitten Mary Mary has been bitten by John
John hasn’t bitten Mary Mary hasn’t been bitten by John
Has John bitten Mary? Has Mary been bitten by John?
6. PAST PERFECT
Rumus :
( + ) S + Had + Been + V-3 + By + O
( - ) S + Had + Not + Been + V-3 + O
( ? ) Had + S + Been + V-3 + By + O ?
Example :
Aktif Pasif
John had bitten Mary Mary had been bitten by John
John hadn’t bitten Mary Mary hadn’t been bitten by John
Had John bitten Mary? Had Mary been bitten by John?
Causative verbs
Causative verbs are used to indicate that one person causes a second person to do something for the first person. Atau Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi tersebut.
The causative are : Let, Have, Get, Make
- Let : Membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
The pattern Let/ permit/allow
S + let + complement + verb in simple form
(any tense) v1
S + permit + complement + verb in infinitive
allow
(any tense) to + v1
Example:
John let his daughter swim with her best friend
John permitted/ allowed his daughter to swim with her best friend
Dr Jones is letting the students hand in the papers
Dr. Jones is permitting/allowing the students to hand in the papers
- Have : menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek.
the pattern Have active
S + have + complement + verb in simple form
(any tenses) usually person ( V1 )
Example:
Marry has John wash the car (present tense)
Marry had John wash the car (past tense)
Marry is having John wash the car ( present continuous)
Marry has had John wash the car (present perfect)
Marry had had John wash the car (past perfect)
Marry will have John wash the car (future tenses)
- Get : mirip dengan have namun dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda.
The pattern Get Active
S + get + complement + verb in infinitive
(any tense) (usually person) (to + v1)
Example:
Marry gets John to wash the car (simple present)
Marry got John to wash the car (past tense)
Marry is getting John to wash the car (present continuous)
The pattern Have and Get Passive
S + Have/ Get + complement + verb in past participle
(any tense) (usually thing) V3
Example:
James has/gets his shirts cleaned at the drycleaners
Pat is having/is getting her car repaired this week
Anna had/got her paper typed by a friend.
- Make : memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu.
The pattern Make/force
S + make + complement + verb in simple form
(any tense) v1
S + force + complement + verb in Infinitive
(any tense ) to + v1
Example:
The teacher always makes the children stay in their class
The teacher always forces the children to stay in their class
Sumber :
http://www.wordsmile.com/contoh-kalimat-causative-verbs-let-make-have-get
http://elsadenovia.blogspot.com/
